By 4th July 2025, the use of Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) fire extinguishers will be completely banned in the UK. This significant regulatory change comes as part of the government’s efforts to address the growing environmental and health concerns linked to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—the chemicals found in AFFF. These substances, often called “forever chemicals”, are known for their persistence in the environment and their potential to cause serious health issues.
With this deadline approaching, businesses and organisations must take proactive steps to replace existing AFFF extinguishers with environmentally friendly alternatives and ensure the safe, compliant disposal of the banned equipment through accredited disposal companies.
In this blog, we’ll explore the reasons behind the ban, its implications, and what businesses need to do to stay compliant while ensuring effective fire protection.
What Are AFFF Fire Extinguishers?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) fire extinguishers have been widely used for decades, particularly in industries that deal with flammable liquids, such as aviation, oil and gas, and chemical processing. They are highly effective at suppressing Class B fires (fires involving flammable liquids like petrol, diesel, and oils) and are often used in areas where the risk of such fires is high.
AFFF extinguishers work by creating a film of foam that smothers the fire, cutting off the oxygen supply and preventing re-ignition. They are particularly effective for covering large surface areas quickly, making them a go-to option for many businesses.
However, the very chemicals that make AFFF so effective are now recognised as harmful to both the environment and human health.
Why Is AFFF Being Banned?
The primary reason for the ban is the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in AFFF extinguishers. PFAS are a group of man-made chemicals that have been used in various industries for their water and grease-resistant properties. While they offer certain practical benefits, they also pose significant environmental and health risks.
1. Environmental Concerns
PFAS are known as persistent pollutants because they do not break down naturally in the environment. When AFFF is discharged, either during fire suppression or testing, PFAS can contaminate soil and groundwater, leading to long-term environmental damage.
- Water Contamination: PFAS chemicals have been found in drinking water sources near airports, military bases, and industrial sites where AFFF has been heavily used.
- Impact on Wildlife: The chemicals accumulate in the bodies of animals, leading to bioaccumulation in the food chain and affecting ecosystems.
2. Health Risks
Research has linked PFAS exposure to a range of serious health conditions. While the full extent of their impact is still being studied, evidence suggests that prolonged exposure can lead to:
- Increased Cholesterol Levels: Long-term exposure to PFAS has been shown to elevate cholesterol levels, contributing to heart disease.
- Immune System Suppression: PFAS can reduce the immune system’s effectiveness, leading to decreased responses to vaccines and increased susceptibility to illnesses.
- Cancer Risks: Some PFAS compounds are believed to increase the risk of certain cancers, including kidney and testicular cancers.
- Reproductive and Developmental Issues: PFAS exposure has been linked to fertility issues, low birth weight, and pregnancy complications.
- Liver Damage: Studies suggest that PFAS can cause liver inflammation and potentially lead to more serious liver conditions.
Given the widespread contamination and growing health concerns, the UK government has taken action to phase out AFFF fire extinguishers, joining other countries in restricting or banning PFAS-containing products.
What Does This Mean for Businesses?
The upcoming ban means that businesses across the UK will need to identify and replace any AFFF fire extinguishers currently in use and properly dispose of them before the 4th July 2025 deadline. Failure to comply could lead to regulatory penalties and increased liability in the event of environmental contamination or health risks.
Here’s what businesses need to consider:
1. Compliance with Environmental Regulations
Companies that continue to use AFFF extinguishers after the ban date could face fines and legal action under UK environmental protection laws. Additionally, businesses found responsible for PFAS contamination may be liable for clean-up costs, which can be substantial.
2. Maintaining Fire Safety Standards
While phasing out AFFF extinguishers is essential for environmental protection, businesses must also ensure they continue to meet fire safety regulations under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. This means sourcing alternative fire extinguishers that are both environmentally friendly and effective for the specific fire risks present in your workplace.
Steps for Businesses to Comply with the AFFF Ban
To ensure compliance with the AFFF ban and maintain effective fire safety measures, businesses should take the following steps:
1. Conduct an Audit of Existing Fire Extinguishers
The first step is to review your current fire safety equipment to identify any AFFF extinguishers on the premises.
- Inventory Check: Create a detailed inventory of all fire extinguishers in your workplace. Check the labels for any mention of AFFF, PFAS, or fluorinated foams.
- Assess Usage Areas: Pay particular attention to areas where Class B fire risks are high, such as fuel storage areas, workshops, and industrial facilities.
2. Choose Environmentally Friendly Alternatives
There are several effective, eco-friendly alternatives to AFFF fire extinguishers that do not contain PFAS. These alternatives provide the same level of fire protection without the associated environmental and health risks.
- Fluorine-Free Foam Extinguishers: These extinguishers are designed to suppress flammable liquid fires just as effectively as AFFF but without using harmful chemicals.
- Dry Powder Extinguishers: Suitable for Class A, B, and C fires (solids, flammable liquids, and gases), dry powder extinguishers are versatile and safe.
- CO2 Extinguishers: Ideal for electrical fires and some flammable liquids, CO2 extinguishers leave no residue and are safe for use in offices and industrial settings.
3. Properly Dispose of AFFF Extinguishers
Disposing of AFFF extinguishers requires special handling due to the hazardous nature of PFAS. It is essential to use accredited disposal companies that are authorised to handle and process hazardous materials.
- Certified Disposal Services: Partner with companies specialising in hazardous waste disposal to ensure that AFFF extinguishers are handled in compliance with UK regulations.
- Documentation: Keep detailed records of the disposal process, including receipts, certificates of disposal, and any correspondence with disposal companies. This will help demonstrate compliance if needed.
4. Update Fire Safety Plans and Staff Training
With the introduction of new extinguishers, it’s important to update your fire safety procedures and train staff on how to use the new equipment effectively.
- Review Fire Risk Assessments: Ensure that your fire risk assessments reflect the change in extinguishers and any adjustments in fire safety protocols.
- Staff Training: Conduct refresher training sessions to familiarise employees with the operation and location of new fire extinguishers.
- Signage Updates: Update any fire safety signs or instructions to reflect the new equipment and evacuation procedures.
Take Action Now to Ensure Compliance
With the 4th July 2025 deadline approaching, businesses need to act now to phase out AFFF fire extinguishers and transition to safer, environmentally friendly alternatives. By conducting an inventory, selecting suitable replacement extinguishers, and ensuring proper disposal of AFFF units, companies can stay compliant with the law while contributing to a healthier environment.
If you need expert guidance on replacing AFFF extinguishers or selecting the best alternatives for your business, Martyn Young Fireproofing Consultancy is here to help. We offer expert advice on fire protection and prevention.